CLl-PAST-OBJ
16 tu Brand new REFLEXIVE PREFIX Inside the ZULU – A TYPOLOGICAL Position Sonja Age. Bosch On this page I’ll look at the the latest root of one’s reflexive prefix inside Zulu, investing attention towards the process of grammaticalization by which lexemes change into grammatical formatives. Just like the reflexivization in certain Bantu dialects is compared, the article have been around in the form of good typological investigation. In the Lehmann s () conversation of one’s phenomena which are known as reflexive, it’s interesting to remember that he assumes on four categories of reflexives, namely 0) autophoric nouns which are ordinary nouns such as for example human anatomy, inhale, soul, head you to definitely ple, into the Sanscrit the fresh new noun dtman meaning breath, spirit, as well as in Basque, the fresh new noun burua meaning head, are accustomed to display roughly the same as English mind. Autophoric nouns put because reflexives are usually followed closely by an excellent possessive pronoun, as in the second analogy regarding Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani strength:acc lay:area placing strength within the himself (ii) reflexive nouns which are nouns expressing this is mind and nothing else, including the German selbst me and you can Finnish itse just like the depicted regarding the adopting the examples: 344
17 Italian language (2) Ich komme selbst I’m upcoming me personally Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-si? want-2.sg-int ticket-acc.pl self-all-poss.dos.sg Do you need the entry for your self? Within the languages including Finnish, Hungarian and you may Turkish reflexive nouns capture possessive affixes, while in most other dialects such as for instance German or the Love dialects, these nouns aren’t generally and possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns having an important aim of it comes down back to the topic, like the Italian language sich inside: German (4) Sie waschen sich He is laundry on their own (iv) verbal reflexives that are verb affixes appearing your action in some way influences the subject, such as the following instances: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-discover he noticed themselves Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di child clean-refl-after dark son wash themselves Lehmann () stresses your boundaries between your categories are liquid and you may claims these five types of reflexive issue are in fact to the a measure regarding growing grammaticalization.
This means that, you can find that it since a farmers dating site reddit great continuum away from transform that may end up being depicted as follows: 345
18 Lexical item Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) provides advice in almost any dialects so you can teach the alterations with occurred otherwise are nevertheless happening from 1 classification in order to the following. The process of changes are verified by Faltz () which, with regard to their morphological distinction between a few fundamental sorts of reflexives, specifically NP-reflexives that could feature a moderate morpheme becoming lead of one’s reflexive noun phrase, and you can spoken reflexives, including reflexive pronouns that are cliticized onto the verb, remarks: Dialects will get go from one to rod with the almost every other, indeed, including way is actually always throughout the NP-reflexive pole towards the spoken reflexive rod. In the Zulu reflexiveness are realized in the shape of a great prefix hence myself precedes the new verb base. The reflexive prefix is actually invariable in shape, which means that it’s a good morphological figure which remains ongoing aside from the category to which the antecedent belongs. This is clearly depicted on the after the examples when you look at the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the fresh new-son the guy-themselves smack the boy struck himself (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini new-lady she-herself-find in-echo The girl notices by herself regarding the reflect On these examples -zi- is the reflexive morpheme and measures of struck and watch are directed straight back on the brand new particular grammatical subjects, which is, boy and you will girl. It’s interesting one when you look at the generative studies, a serious insight is created on hidden build out of phrases that has had reflexives, namely NP1 – V – NP1. On the surface, eg a homes try ungrammatical regarding the Bantu dialects if the two NPs was co-referential and you can the same fit, elizabeth.g. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho cheated Sipho For the Zulu including a sentence is established grammatical by the installation out of an excellent reflexive prefix on verb and you will brand new deletion of co-referential noun. age.grams. 346
Recent Comments